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Journal of Molecular Cell Biology Advance Access originally published online on September 21, 2009
Journal of Molecular Cell Biology 2009 1(1):15-16; doi:10.1093/jmcb/mjp010
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© The Author (2009). Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Journal of Molecular Cell Biology, IBCB, SIBS, CAS. All rights reserved.

Do Substantia Nigra Dopaminergic Neurons Differentiate Between Reward and Punishment?

Michael J. Frank1 and D. James Surmeier2,*

1 Departments of Cognitive & Linguistic Sciences, Psychology, and Psychiatry, Brown University, 190 Thayer Street, Providence, RI 02912-1978, USA
2 Department of Physiology, Northwestern University, 303 E. Chicago Ave., Chicago, IL 60611, USA

* Correspondence to: D. James Surmeier, E-mail: j-surmeier{at}northwestern.edu


  Abstract

The activity of dopaminergic neurons are thought to be increased by stimuli that predict reward and decreased by stimuli that predict aversive outcomes. Recent work by Matsumoto and Hikosaka challenges this model by asserting that stimuli associated with either rewarding or aversive outcomes increase the activity of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta.


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